Here’s an overview of the function and basic components of an FSRU:
Hull: The hull is the main structure of the FSRU, providing buoyancy and stability. The design of the hull ensures that the vessel can operate safely in various sea conditions.
LNG Storage Tanks: FSRUs are equipped with onboard LNG storage tanks that hold the imported liquefied natural gas in a liquid state. The storage capacity of FSRUs varies depending on the size and specifications of the unit.
Regasification Units: Regasification units are the heart of the FSRU, responsible for converting LNG back into natural gas. These units use a regasification process, often involving heat exchangers, to vaporize LNG at ambient temperatures.
Vapor Handling System: The vapor handling system transports the regasified natural gas from the regasification units to the delivery point. This system includes pipelines and other components designed to handle the vaporized gas safely.
Boil-Off Gas Management: Boil-off gas is the small amount of LNG that naturally vaporizes during storage. FSRUs are equipped with systems to manage and utilize boil-off gas, often through recondensation or burning as fuel.
Mooring System: FSRUs use a mooring system, typically consisting of anchors and chains, to maintain a stable position during operations. This system ensures that the vessel remains securely anchored in its designated location.
Turret and Swivel System: Some FSRUs utilize a turret and swivel system that allows the vessel to weathervane around a fixed point, ensuring that the unit can align itself with prevailing environmental forces, such as wind and waves.
Power Generation: FSRUs are equipped with power generation systems to provide electricity for onboard operations, including regasification processes, navigation, and accommodation facilities.
Accommodation Facilities: Accommodation facilities on the FSRU provide living quarters for the crew and operational staff. These facilities include sleeping quarters, dining areas, recreational spaces, and other amenities.
Helideck: An offshore helideck is often included for helicopter transportation, facilitating crew changes, supply deliveries, and emergency evacuations.
Control Room and Systems: The control room houses the FSRU’s control systems, monitoring equipment, and communication systems. It serves as the central hub for managing regasification operations and ensuring safety.
Safety Systems: FSRUs are equipped with various safety systems, including emergency shutdown systems, fire detection and suppression systems, life-saving equipment, and evacuation procedures.
FSRUs provide a flexible and efficient solution for the importation of LNG, offering a quick and cost-effective means of meeting natural gas demand in regions with evolving energy needs.
